Promoting Men’s Health in a Community Evidence-Informed Strategies Focused on Physical Activity and Lifestyle Habits
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: Physical activity (PA) and healthy lifestyle habits directly influence physical health and reduce the risk for chronic lifestyle diseases. An interdisciplinary, community-based approach, informed by baseline
information on PA and lifestyle habits, can play an important role in promoting men’s health.
Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine and describe PA levels and lifestyle habits of a sport and non-sport group of adult males and determine whether an association existed between PA levels and lifestyle habits.
Method: A quantitative research design was used in this case-control study. Data was collected using a self-developed demographic questionnaire and two standardised questionnaires, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire—Short Form (IPAQ-SF) and the Belloc and Breslow Seven Lifestyle Habits Questionnaire.
Results: A total of 102 males aged between 25 and 35 years were included in this study. The only comorbidity reported was hypertension (5.9%). The self-reported PA levels of 51% of the participants in the sport group were classified as health-enhancing, while 27.5% of the participants in the non-sport group were classified as inactive. The two groups were comparable regarding healthy lifestyle habits, such as eating breakfast, not smoking and minimal alcohol consumption. However, cross tabulation of PA levels with lifestyle habits showed that no participant in the sport group exhibited low levels of PA combined with poor lifestyle habits.
Conclusion: The baseline information on PA and lifestyle habits of males obtained in this study supports the suggested strategies for healthcare professionals. Through these strategies, healthcare professionals can support communities to increase their PA levels and educate them on healthy lifestyle habits to reduce the risk of chronic lifestyle diseases.
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Johnson, S., Bodenstein, K., Janse van Vuuren, C., & Nel, R. (2022). Promoting Men’s Health in a Community : Evidence-Informed Strategies Focused on Physical Activity and Lifestyle Habits. International Journal of Mens Social and Community Health, 5(3), e15-e32. https://doi.org/10.22374/ijmsch.v5i3.91
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2. Philip PM, Kannan S, Parambil NA. Community-based interventions for health promotion and disease prevention in non-communicable diseases: A narrative review. J Educ and Health Promot. 2018;7:141. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_145_18
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6. Gray A, Vawda Y. Health legislation and policy. In: Rispel LC, Padarath A, editors. South African Health Review 2018. Durban: Health Systems Trust. 2018;1-11. [cited 2021 Jan 12]. Available from: http://www.hst.org.za/publications/Pages/SAHR2018.
7. Carraro E, Schilir T, Biorci F, Romanazzi V., Degan R., Buonocore D, et al. Physical activity, lifestyle factors and oxidative stress in middle age healthy subjects. Int J Environ Res. 2018;15(6):1152). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15061152
8. Moore SC, Patel AV, Matthews CE, Berrington de Gonzalez A, Park Y, Katki HA, et al. Leisure time physical activity of moderate to vigorous intensity and mortality: A large pooled cohort analysis. PLoS Med. 2012;9(11):e1001335. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001335. Epub 2012 Nov 6.
9. Wada T, Hasegawa Y, Osaki T, Ban H. Of the three classifications of healthy lifestyle habits, which one is the most closely associated with the prevention of high blood pressure? HEP. 2013;40(4):7–13.
10. Narain S, Mathye D. Do physiotherapists have a role to play in the sustainable development goals? A qualitative exploration. S Afr J Physiother. 2019;75(1):466. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajp.v75i1.466.
11. Bloemhoff HJ. Gender- and race-related physical activity levels of South African university students. Afr J Phys Activity Health Sci. 2010;16(4):25–35.
12. Pengpid S, Peltzer K. Physical inactivity and associated factors among university student in South Africa. Afr J Phys Health Educ Recreation Dance 2013;19(1):143–153.
13. Noorbhai MH. A public health approach to increase physical activity and health education: The Biokinetic Humanitarian Project. Afr J Phys Health Educ Recreation Dance 2013;19(4):993–998.
14. Pringle A, Zwolinski S, McKenna J, Robertson S, Daly-Smith A, White A. Health improvement for men and hard-to-engage-men delivered in English Premier League football clubs. Health Educ Res. 2014;29(3):503–520. https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyu009. Epub 2014 Mar 21.
15. World Health Organization (WHO). Basic documents, 49th ed [Internet]. 2020. [cited 2021 Jan 12]. Available from: https://apps.who.int/gb/bd/pdf_files/BD_49th-en.pdf#page=6.
16. Durstine J, Moore GE. ACSM's exercise management for persons with chronic diseases and disabilities, 2nd ed. Indianapolis, IN: American Collage of Sport Medicine; 2017.
17. Melekoğlu T, Sezgin, E, Işin A, Tűrk A. The effects of a physically active lifestyle on the health of former professional football players. Sports. 2019;7(75):1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7040075
18. Patel H, Alkhawam H, Madanieh R, Shah N, Kosmas CE, Vittorio TJ. Aerobic vs anaerobic exercise training effects on the cardiovascular system. World J Cardiol. 2017;9(2):134–138. https://doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v9.i2.134
19. Vancampfort D, Stubbs B, Probst M, Mugisha J. Physiotherapy for people with mental health problems in sub-Saharan African countries: A systematic review. Arch Physiother. 2018;8:2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40945-018-0043-2
20. Walkeden S, Walker KM. Perceptions of physiotherapists about their role in health promotion at an acute hospital: A qualitative study. Physiotherapy (United Kingdom). 2015;101(2):226–231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2014.06.005.
21. Holm I, Tveter AT, Moseng T, Dagfinrud H. Does outpatient physical therapy with the aim of improving health-related physical fitness influence the level of physical activity in patients with long-term musculoskeletal conditions? Physiotherapy (United Kingdom). 2015;101(3):273–278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2014.11.005.
22. O'Donoghue G, Cusack T, Doody C. Contemporary undergraduate physiotherapy education in terms of physical activity and exercise prescription: Practice tutors' knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. Physiotherapy. 2012;98(2):167–173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2011.04.348.
23. Kime N, Pringle A, Zwolinsky S, Vishnubala D. How prepared are healthcare professionals for delivering physical activity guidance to those with diabetes? A formative evaluation. BMC Health Serv Res. 2020; 20(8):1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-019-4852-0
24. Losper TS. Physical activity and lifestyle aspect of female students at a tertiary institution. Unpublished Master's dissertation [Internet]. Bloemfontein, South Africa: University of the Free State; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 12]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11660/7379
25. World Health Organization (WHO). Launch of new global estimates on levels of physical activity in adults [Internet]. 2018. [cited 2022 Oct 12]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news/item/05-09-2018-launch-of-new-global-estimates-on-levels-of-physical-activity-in-adults
26. Albert FA, Crowe MJ, Malau-Aduli, AEO, Malau-Aduli BS. Physical activity promotion: A systematic review of the perceptions of healthcare professionals. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17:4358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124358
27. Olson R, Piercy K, Troiano R, Ballard RM, Fulton JE, Galuska DA, et al. Physical activity guidelines for Americans, 2nd ed. Washington, DC: Department of Health and Human Services; 2018.
28. Garber C, Blissmer B, Deschenes M, Franklin BA, Lamonte MJ, Lee IM, et al. Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: Guidance for prescribing exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011;43(7):1334–1359. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e318213fefb
29. Riebe D, Ehrman J, Liguori G, Magar M. ACSM guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer; 2018.
30. World Confederation of Physical Therapy (WCPT). How to measure physical activity [Internet]. n.d. [cited 2021 Jan 12]. Available from: https://www.wcpt.org/sites/wcpt.org/files/files/wptday/17/infographics/measuringPhysicalActivity-infographic_A3_FINAL.pdf.
31. Prince SA, Rasmussen CL, Biswas A, Holtermann A, Aulakh T, Merucci K, et al. The effect of leisure time physical activity and sedentary behaviour on the health of workers with different occupational physical activity demands: A systematic review. J Behav Nutr Phys Activity. 2021;18:100. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-021-01166-z
32. Nolan VT, Sandada M, Surujlal J. Perceived benefits and barriers to physical exercise participation of first year university students. Afr J Phys Health Educa Recreation Dance. 2011;September (Supplement 1):56–69.
33. Gray CM, Hunt K, Mutrie N, Anderson AS, Leishman J, Dalgarno L, et al. Football fans in training: The development and optimization of an intervention delivered through professional sports clubs to help men lose weight, become more active and adopt healthier eating habits. BMC Public Health. 2013;13:232. [cited 2022 Oct 12]. Available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/13/232. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-232
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